Roquefortine C is a potent tremorgenic mycotoxin originally isolated from Penicillium roqueforti in 1975 in Japan. Parallel research by Scott and colleagues lead to the structure elucidation of roquefortine C as an unusual diketopiperazine formed by coupling a prenylated tryptophan and histidine. Roquefortine C was subsequently found to be produced by a diverse range of fungi, most notably Penicillium species. Roquefortine is an important mycotoxin as low levels can be found in foodstuffs.