Ochratoxin C is a minor component of the ochratoxin complex produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium sp. associated with food spoilage. Ochratoxin C is the ethyl ester of ochratoxin A and, despite its relatively low abundance, it is the most non-polar and the only neutral component of the complex. As such, ochratoxin C represents a different hazard to the acidic major components ochratoxins A and B. Ochratoxins are widely distributed in the environment and are known to be nephrotoxic and teratogenic, however ochratoxin C has not been extensively studied.